Predictive Competences of High-potential Talent Employees / [Las competencias predictoras del talento en los empleados de alto potencial]

In talent management, predicting high potential (HP) is one of the most important questions human resources professionals face. The main goal of this study was to analyze which competences predict employees’ HP and whether these competences differ by gender. The study analyzed 806 employees in the Spanish branch of a multinational service firm that employs over 6,000 employees. Participants, were classified as HP using a questionnaire about eight competences identified as key to the firm’s talent management (TM) and divided into two categories: cognitive-intrapersonal and emotional-interpersonal, and assessment interviews of supervisors. Results indicate that the competences in the cognitive-intrapersonal category contribute greater weight in predicting HP. More specifically, competences of Initiative, Appetite for learning, and Thinking beyond boundaries were significantly related to the HP criterion. The competences that were significant by gender were also analyzed. Application of these results, as well as the study’s limitations and recommendations for future research, are discussed.(AU)

En la gestión del talento, predecir un alto potencial (AP) es una de las cuestiones más importantes a las que se enfrentan los profesionales de recursos humanos. El objetivo principal de este estudio ha sido analizar qué competencias predicen el AP de los empleados y si estas competencias difieren en función del género. El estudio analiza a 806 empleados de la sucursal española de una empresa multinacional de servicios que emplea a más de 6,000 trabajadores. Los participantes fueron clasificados como AP mediante un cuestionario sobre ocho competencias identificadas como clave para la gestión del talento de la empresa y entrevistas de evaluación a supervisores, y divididas en dos categorías: cognitivo-intrapersonal y emocional-interpersonal. Los resultados indican que las competencias de la categoría cognitivo-intrapersonal aportan un mayor peso en la predicción del AP. Más concretamente, las competencias de iniciativa, hambre de aprender y pensar más allá de los límites se relacionaban significativamente con el criterio de AP. También se analizaron las competencias que resultaron significativas en función del género. Se discute la aplicación de estos resultados, así como las limitaciones del estudio y las recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones.(AU)

Psychological Resilience and Suicide Attempt in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have a suicide risk of up to 30 times higher than the general population. There is increasing interest in analyzing the effects of resilience in psychiatric diseases and its relationship to other factors such as suicide risk. AIM: The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychological resilience and suicide attempts, along with other relevant clinical and sociodemographic variables in euthymic patients with BPAD. METHODS: Eighty six outpatients, more than 18 years old, mostly men (60.5%) with BPAD type 1, 2, mixed, and unspecified, in euthymic phase receiving antidepressant and/or euthimizing treatment, participated in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed by means of a questionnaire and psychological resilience by means of Connor-Davidson's 10-item Resilience Scale. RESULTS: Patients with previous autolytic attempts scored significantly lower in resilience than those who had not attempted suicide (T = 3.30; p ≤ .001; 20.61 ± 6.58 vs. 26.52 ± 7.29). Patients diagnosed with BPAD scored significantly lower than other samples of university participants, workers, and the unemployed. The number of depressive episodes experienced was negatively and significantly associated with resilience scores (r = -.28; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with BPAD who had made autolytic attempts had lower resilience scores than those who had not made them and lower scores than other general nonpsychiatric samples. The promotion of resilience in patients diagnosed with BPAD would facilitate a more adaptive and positive coping with the disease and their recovery process.

Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital. METHODS: Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees' health perception (t = -4.13; p < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, p < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital. CONCLUSION: We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.

Explaining Job Search Behavior in Unemployed Youngsters Beyond Perceived Employability: The Role of Psychological Capital.

Job search seems to be a daunting task for youngsters in the Spanish labor market, unfortunately so given that it is the best predictor of getting a job even during economic crisis. Accordingly, it is vitally important to find resources that promote youngsters' job search. The present study examines the effect of psychological capital on job search through perceived employability in a sample of Spanish unemployed youngsters. We analyzed data of 568 Spanish unemployed youngsters aged 16-29 years using structural equation modeling. Results showed that unemployed youngsters who possess high levels of psychological capital also perceive more control over job search which is directly connected with their job search intention. Surprisingly, analyses also showed that perceived employability is not an antecedent of job search. Instead, psychological capital seems to be a more beneficial resource for keeping unemployed youngsters engaged in job search in an adverse economic context.

The role of resilience between workplace bullying and health: a mediational analysis / El papel de la resiliencia en la relación entre el acoso psicológico en el trabajo y la salud: un análisis de mediación

Workplace bullying is a serious problem that may arise within any occupation or organisation. Situations of workplace bullying are highly stressful and affect the health of workers who experience them in a negative way. Resilience has beenidentified as an essential capacity to protect people's health. This study focuses on how resilience functions in situations of workplace bullying. By means of questionnaires, information about workplace bullying behaviours, resilience, andpsychological health in a sample of 762 workers was collected. The results show that exposure to bullying behaviours is related to poorer health, and resilience has a mediating role in the relationship between workplace bullying and employees'health. Main findings, limitations, and practical consequences of this study are discussed. The results obtained may serve to assist human resources managers and professionals when they are designing programs aimed at both controlling andpreventing workplace bullying within organisations

Las situaciones de acoso laboral son altamente estresantes y afectan negativamente a la salud de los trabajadores que las perciben. La resiliencia se ha identificado como una capacidad esencial para la protección de la salud de las personas. Este trabajo se centra en cómo actúa la resiliencia en las situaciones de acoso laboral, mediante el análisis de las relaciones y del papel mediador-moderador de la resiliencia entre el acoso laboral y la salud en una muestra de 762 trabajadores españoles. A través de cuestionarios se recogió información sobre conductas de acoso laboral y se evalúo la resiliencia yla salud psicológica autopercibida. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la exposición a conductas de acoso se relaciona con peor salud y que la resiliencia tiene un efecto mediador y no moderador entre el acoso laboral y la salud de los trabajadores. Se discuten los principales hallazgos de esta investigación, las limitaciones y sus implicaciones prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos pueden servir de ayuda a los directivos y profesionales de recursos humanos a la hora de diseñarprogramas que vayan dirigidos tanto al control y prevención de la violencia en las organizaciones como a desarrollar la resiliencia en los trabajadores

Connections between academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A longitudinal study.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations between academic burnout and resilience and psychological well-being, and the stability of these variables in a sample of university nursing students. BACKGROUND: Nursing students frequently suffer academic burnout, which is brought on by different situations experienced during the training process and that can concern his psychological well-being. Resilience is a personal resource that allows adverse situations to be handled in a successful way. DESIGN: Longitudinal design. METHODS: Data were collected at two moments separated by 18 months (2014-2016), with 218 students at T1 and 113 at T2. At each time a questionnaire was given to them, with questions about socioeconomic demographics and three validated scales to measure academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being. RESULTS: The three dimensions that make up academic burnout remained steady over time, while resilience increased and psychological well-being improved. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed the longitudinal effect of emotional exhaustion at T1 and at T2 they showed the longitudinal effect of resilience on psychological well-being at T2. The inverse hierarchical regression analyses did not reveal significant relationships for any of the variables measured at T2 in connection with psychological well-being measured at T1. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional exhaustion was the most relevant dimension of academic burnout when predicting psychological well-being in the analysed sample. Moreover, resilience has an important positive effect on psychological well-being in the analysed sample. The practical implications of the results are discussed from the perspective of academic training and some recommendations are given for future research in this field.

Resilience as a Moderator of Psychological Health in Situations of Chronic Stress (Burnout) in a Sample of Hospital Nurses.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the role played by resilience in the dimensions that constitute burnout syndrome and, through that, the psychological health of a sample of nurses working at hospital centers. METHODS: Cross-sectional design, with a questionnaire as the tool. The sample consisted of 537 nurses from three public hospitals in Murcia, Spain. The questionnaire contained measures of the following variables: resilience, the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and general psychological health, as well as sociodemographic and employment information. RESULTS: The emotional exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of burnout were significantly linked to psychological health in the manner expected, but this was not the case for professional efficacy. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the moderating role of resilience on the emotional exhaustion and cynicism dimensions, as well as on psychological health. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study highlights the moderating role of resilience on burnout and psychological health. The practical implications of the results are discussed for the implementation of measures to increase resilience as a personal resource in order to improve the health and work performance of these professionals.

Measurement of Psychological Capital in Spanish workers: OREA questionnaire / Evaluación del Capital Psicolçogico en trabajadores españoles: diseño y estructura empírica del cuestionario OREA

Psychological capital is a higher order construct made up of optimism, resilience, hope, and self-efficacy, which has a strong connection with different organizational variables. The aim of this study was to design a measure for assessing psychological capital in the workplace. Two samples of workers were used (N=238; N=338) belonging to Spanish companies from different socioeconomic sectors. Using the results of the first sample, and by means of an exploratory factorial analysis, a scale of 12 items was created. The 12 items included four triplets, each of which matches with one of the elements of psychological capital. The scale was called OREA (due to the names of these concepts in Spanish: Optimismo, Resiliencia, Esperanza, and Autoeficacia - Optimism, Resilience, Hope, and Self-efficacy). This measure was then applied to the second sample, and a structural equation analysis was made in order to contrast a one-factor model with a four-factor model. The latter showed very adequate adjustment values (GFI= .943; CFI= .936; RMSEA= .07). We therefore conclude that the OREA questionnaire is a consistent measure of psychological capital in connection with the theoretical model, and it has sufficient evidence of reliability and validity (AU)

El capital psicológico es un constructor de orden superior formado por cuatro componentes (optimismo, resiliencia, esperanza y autoeficacia) que comprende el desarrollo de aquellas habilidades que tienen un impacto directo en el resultado de distintas variables organizativas. El objetivo de este estudio es el diseño de un cuestionario para evaluar el capital psicológico en el ámbito laboral. Se utilizaron dos muestras de trabajadores (N= 238; N= 338) pertenecientes a empresas de distintos sectores socioeconómicos de la Región de Murcia. Con los resultados de la primera muestra y mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio se confeccionó un cuestionario de 12 ítems, tres por cada una de las facetas del capital psicológico, que se denominó́ OREA (optimismo, resiliencia, esperanza y autoeficacia). A continuación, se aplicó́ el cuestionario a la segunda muestra y se realizó́ un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, en el que el modelo de cuatro factores presentó valores de ajuste muy adecuados (GFI= .943; CFI= .936; RMSEA= .07). Se concluye que el cuestionario OREA presenta una estructura empírica acorde con el modelo teórico, y niveles de fiabilidad y validez adecuados (AU)

Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra multiocupacional / Psychometric properties of the spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale (10-item CD-RISC) in a sample of workers

El objetivo del estudio es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación española de la escala de resiliencia CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson (2003) en su versión de 10 ítems en una muestra multiocupacional. Se utilizaron dos muestras. En la primera completaron esta escala un total de 386 trabajadores y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio que arrojó un único factor que explica el 55.8% de la varianza total. La consistencia interna de la escala fue adecuada (alfa de Cronbach de 0.87) y la eliminación de ningún ítem mejoraba la Habilidad de la escala. Con el fin de ratificar el modelo obtenido en el AFE, se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio con los datos de la segunda muestra de 238 participantes que corroboró el modelo unifactorial. Para analizar la validez divergente se utilizó los datos de las dos muestras (N = 624); así, las correlaciones con las puntuaciones de las variables burnout, bienestar psicológico y satisfacción laboral fueron estadísticamente significativas y siguieron la dirección teórica esperada. Se concluye que la versión española de 10 ítems de la CD-RISC de Connor y Davidson presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para estimar la resiliencia en trabajadores.

The aim of the study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish adaptation of the scale of resilience CD-RISC of Connor and Davidson (2003) in the 10-item version in a sample of workers. Two samples were used. In the first sample a total of 386 workers completed this scale. We carry out EFA to observe the factor structure of the scale which resulted in one main factor responsible for 55.8% of the total variance and containing the 10 items. The internal consistency was appropriate (Cronbach's alpha of 0.87). In order to ratify the model obtained in the AFE, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with data from sample 2 (N = 238) which corroborated the univariate model. As for the divergent validity, correlations with scores on the variable burnout, psychological health and job satisfaction were statistically significant and followed the theoretical direction (total sample= 624). It is concluded that the Spanish 10-item version of the CD-RISC by Connor and Davidson (2003) presents adequate psychometric properties to estimate resilience in workers.

An exploratory study of the relationship between resilience, academic burnout and psychological health in nursing students.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between resilience, academic burnout and psychological health in a sample of nursing students. METHOD/DESIGN: A descriptive and cross-sectional design was applied, with questionnaires as tools. PARTICIPANTS: The convenience sample consisted of 113 nursing students in their final academic year, who voluntarily participated in the study. RESULTS: The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between resilience and both emotional exhaustion (r = -.55; p < .01) and psychological health (r = -.62; p < .01), as well as between all three dimensions of burnout and psychological health. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that high scores for resilience and low scores for emotional exhaustion predict better perceived psychological health [F(2.96) = 17.75; p < .001]. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience was associated with lower levels of psychological discomfort and academic burnout. These findings highlight the importance of developing resilience and integrating it as an element in the nursing educational programme.

Patient satisfaction, stress and burnout in nursing personnel in emergency departments: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is considered a measure of the status of the interaction between health- care professionals and service users. The level of this measure indicates the quality of the care received. Burnout is a common phenomenon in nursing professionals and it is a response to the chronic occupational stress. Different studies have shown a link between patient satisfaction and stress and burnout syndrome experienced by nursing personnel in various hospital units. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to analyze the associations between patients' satisfaction with emergency services and perception of work stress and burnout by the nursing professionals who looked after these patients at a group level. DESIGN: The study followed a descriptive and cross-sectional design; the data were collected by means of questionnaires. SETTING: Emergency services at two general hospitals in Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: Two samples, one formed of emergency service nursing professionals (n=148) and the other formed by patients (n=390), who were grouped in 48 units of analysis. METHODS: To evaluate perception of stress and burnout of the nursing personnel, we used the Spanish adaptation of the Nursing Stress Scale for hospital emergency nursing personnel, and the Spanish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, respectively. A Spanish adaptation of the La Mónica-Obsert Patient Satisfaction Scale was used to define the patients' feelings about their nursing care. Moreover, some socio-demographic variables and the length of stay in the emergency unit were included in the protocol. Before statistical analysis, the data were collated at a group level. The intraclass correlation coefficients and the Average Deviation Index support the aggregation of these data at a unit level. RESULTS: Neither perception of stress nor the various elements of burnout experienced by nursing staff were related to patients' levels of satisfaction. We observed a significant and positive association between stress perception among the nurses and two of the burnout dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion and cynicism. The length of stay of the patients in the emergency department was negatively related to the frequency of nurses experiencing perceived stress as well as the burnout dimension of cynicism. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association was observed between experiences of stress and burnout dimensions by nursing professionals and the satisfaction with care received reported by their patients. These findings could be explained by the professional and organizational characteristics of the unit. Finally, the limitations and implications of the study are discussed, as well as future research questions related to research of the associations between occupational stress, burnout and patient satisfaction.

Inteligencia emocional y liderazgo transformacional en una muestra de directivos españoles: un estudio exploratorio / Emotional intelligence and transformational leadership in a sample of Spanish management: an exploratory study

En este trabajo, se analizan las relaciones entre inteligencia emocional (IE), conceptualizada como pensamiento general constructivo de acuerdo con la teoría cognitivo experiencial de Epstein (1994), y el liderazgo transformacional (LT) basado en el modelo de Sashkin (1998). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 190 gerentes de una organización de servicios de gran tamaño que rellenaron el Inventario de Pensamiento Constructivo de Epstein (2003), como medida de la IE, y el Cuestionario de Comportamiento del Líder de Sashkin (1998), como medida del LT. Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas y significativas entre IE y LT. El análisis de regresión por pasos realizado muestra que Eficacia y Superstición, dos de las dimensiones de la IE, explican el 28% de la varianza del LT. Finalmente, se analizan las implicaciones de estos resultados para el diseño de actividades de desarrollo en el área de liderazgo en las organizaciones

In this paper we analyze the relations between the dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI), conceptualized as constructive thinking according to the cognitive experiential theory (Epstein, 1994), and the Transformational Leadership (TL) theory, based on Sashkin's model (1998). The results obtained after applying the Constructive Thinking Questionnaire by Epstein (2003), as a measure of EI, and the Leadership Behaviour Questionnaire by Sashkin (1998), as a measure of LT, to a sample of 190 middle managers in a large service organization, show the positive relationship between EI and TL. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that Efficacy and Superstition, two of the EI dimensions, have significant relationships with LT (28% of the explained variance). Implications of these results when designing development activities in the field of leadership are discussed

Grado de efecto de las variables sociodemográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno en la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencias comunes en España / Effect of the sociodemographic, occupational, organisational and environmental variables on the duration of temporary sick leave in Spain

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación de distintas variables asociadas con la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) y determinar su grado de efecto. DISEÑO: Retrospectivo, descriptivo. Emplazamiento: España. PARTICIPANTES: 598.988 procesos de ITCC del total de trabajadores del Régimen General protegidos en una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales durante el periodo de 2005 a 2010. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Se analizó la asociación entre las características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno y la duración mediana de la ITCC, indicando los valores p de cada prueba, y se estimó el índice del tamaño del efecto (d) para comprobar la relevancia de dicha relación, empleando el coeficiente de correlación de pearson (rxy), eta cuadrado (2) y V de Cramer (V). RESULTADOS: La duración mediana de la ITCC fue de 32 días. Se constatan relaciones significativas con la edad, género, nacionalidad, antigüedad en la empresa; salario, tipo de contrato; sector, actividad, y tamaño empresa y región. Así, se encuentra una mayor duración de las bajas en los trabajadores de grandes empresas, mujeres, con nacionalidad española y que trabajan en actividades agrarias, sanitarias, administración y hostelería. La edad además ejerce un efecto considerable (rxy = 0,134) en la duración de las bajas, sobre todo a partir de 44 años. CONCLUSIONES: Tan solo la edad mostró evidencias de un efecto considerable sobre la duración de la ITCC, aun cuando también se relacionó con el resto de características demográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno. Además se evidenció la existencia de efectos cruzados entre variables que pueden provocar ocasionalmente errores en la interpretación de los resultados

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365 days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristicswere determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy = .134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results

[Effect of the sociodemographic, occupational, organisational and environmental variables on the duration of temporary sick leave in Spain]. / Grado de efecto de las variables sociodemográficas, laborales, organizativas y del entorno en la duración de la incapacidad temporal por contingencias comunes en España.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the relationship, and relevance of the effect between the duration of the cases of temporary sick leave, as an indicator of absenteeism, and several characteristics (sociodemographic, labor, organizational and the environment) of workers covered by the Social Security System in Spain. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 598,988 processes, between 15 and 365days. The relationships between length of absence, and several characteristics such as demographic, sociodemographic, occupational, organizational and environment characteristics were determined (using P values). The mean duration for each of the features is described, and the size effect is calculated to estimate the importance of the relationships found. RESULTS: There were significant relationships between the duration of temporary sick leave and several demographic characteristics (gender, age, nationality and length of service), occupational (wages, type of contract), organizational (economic sector, activity and size company), the environmental (region, state) characteristics. The age also showed a significant size effect (rxy=.134), especially after age 44. CONCLUSIONS: Only age had a significance effect on the duration of work absence, although there was also a relationship with the rest of the demographic, occupational and work environment characteristics. There was also evidence of a cross-effects between the variables, which could cause errors in interpreting the results.

Avances en el estudio del acoso psicológico en el trabajo / Advances in the study of bullying at work

En las dos últimas décadas, el acoso psicológico en el trabajo o mobbing ha sido uno de los tópicos de investigación en el ámbito de la Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones. Desde su creación en 2001, el Servicio de Ergonomía y Psicosociología Aplicada (Serpa) de la Universidad de Murcia viene trabajando sobre este problema que tiene un gran protagonismo y repercusión en el ámbito laboral y social. En este trabajo se hace un repaso de los hallazgos más interesantes obtenidos por este grupo de investigación y su comparación con otros resultados que aparecen en la literatura científica. Así, se comienza con cuestiones sobre la delimitación del concepto, las formas de cuantificación, la prevalencia y la procedencia de las conductas de acoso. Posteriormente, se revisan los determinantes y consecuentes, y se hace mención a un recurso personal, la autoeficacia, que puede moderar los efectos de las conductas de acoso en la salud. Por último, se comentan las principales formas de intervención y se realizan algunas consideraciones de cara a una adecuada prevención

In the last two decades, mobbing has been one of the topics of research in work and organizational psychology. Since its inception in 2001, the Service of Ergonomics and Applied Psychology (Serpa) at the University of Murcia has been working on this problem, which has a leading role and impact in work and social fields. This text is an overview of the most interesting findings by this research group and their comparison with other results that appear in the scientific literature. We begin with questions on the delimitation of the concept, forms of quantification, the prevalence and source of bullying behaviors. Subsequently we review the determinants and consequences, and we refer to a personal resource, self-efficacy, which may moderate the effects of harassment on health behaviors. Finally, we discuss the main forms of intervention and note some considerations with a view to adequate prevention

El papel moderador de la autoeficacia profesional entre situaciones de acoso laboral y la salud en una muestra multiocupacional / The moderating role of professional self-efficacy in situations of workplace bullying and self-perceived health

La autoeficacia es una competencia personal que actúa frente a los estresores incrementando o disminuyendo el malestar psicológico que estos pueden generar; por su parte el acoso psicológico o mobbing es uno de los factores psicosociales del medio laboral más dañinos para la salud de los trabajadores. Utilizando como marco de referencia el modelo teórico de demandas-recursos (JD-R model), este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el papel moderador de la autoeficacia profesional entre el acoso laboral y la salud autopercibida en una muestra multiocupacional de 772 trabajadores (379 hombres y 383 mujeres). Se administró un protocolo que contenía la escala NAQ para la medida del acoso laboral, el cuestionario de salud GHQ-12 y la subescala de autoeficacia profesional del MBI. Como resultado destaca el papel moderador de la autoeficacia sobre la salud en situaciones de acoso psicológico. Se discuten los resultados de este trabajo, las limitaciones y sus posibles implicaciones en las organizaciones

Self-efficacy is a personal competence stressors acts against in-creasing or decreasing the psychological discomfort they may generate, meanwhile workplace bullying or mobbing is one of the psychosocial work environment factors more damaging to the health of workers. Using as a framework the theoretical JD-R, this paper's main objective is to analyze the moderating role of professional self-efficacy between workplace bullying and perceived health status in a multi-occupational sample of 772 workers (379 men and 383 women). An anonymous questionnaire to workers was administered in active-duty after analyzing the data provided by the scale of workplace mobbing NAQ, Questionnaire GHQ-12 for the evaluation of the health and professional self-efficacy of the MBI. The result highlights the moderating role of self-efficacy on health in workplace bullying situations. To these work results of and its possible implication in the organizations are discussed

Patients' aggressive behaviours towards nurses: development and psychometric properties of the hospital aggressive behaviour scale- users.

AIM: This article is to report the development and psychometric testing of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale - Users. BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is present in many work spheres, but in the healthcare sector, nurses in particular are at more risk due to the close contact they maintain with users and clients and the special characteristics of this relationship. DESIGN: Using qualitative and quantitative methodology, an instrument was applied to a sample of 1,489 nurses from 11 public hospitals. Data collection was carried out in 2010 and 2011. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 10-item instrument distributed in two factors (non-physical violence and physical violence), which was validated by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Both the resulting questionnaire and the factors identified present high internal consistency and adequate external validity, analysed by means of statistically significant correlations between the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale and job satisfaction, burnout components, and psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, in nursing personnel, higher exposure to user violence leads to lower job satisfaction, more emotional exhaustion and more cynicism, and to a lower level of psychological well-being. The instrument developed in this study may be very useful in the sphere of assessment and prevention of psychosocial risks for the early detection of the problem of user violence in its two facets.

Personality traits and sick leave in workers diagnosed with nonorganic neck pain.

Previous research has suggested that personality can influence the perception and reporting of physical symptoms, such as pain. To assess the relationship between the course of nonorganic neck pain and the individual's personality, we studied the association between two indicators of neck pain prognosis, such as the duration of sick leave associated with neck pain and sick leave recurrence, and 15 personality traits in a sample of 64 workers suffering from disabling neck pain without any signs of physical abnormalities in the neck area. The TEA Personality Test (TPT), a self-report instrument designed to evaluate personality traits related to organizational behaviors, was used. Compared to the normative data, the study sample obtained high scores in the Depression, Anxiety and Emotional Instability scales, thus suggesting a personality profile primarily characterized by high neuroticism-related scores. Controlling for age, gender, and any rehabilitation undergone, we found a positive relationship between Depression and the duration of sick leave (in weeks). Moreover, lower scores on the TPT personality trait Dynamism and activeness were associated with higher likelihood of sick leave recurrence. These findings highlight the need for further research into the role played by personality at the onset and in the maintenance of nonorganic neck pain. Furthermore, they suggest that a complementary psychological approach may be useful to nonorganic neck pain management.

Personality traits and sick leave in workers diagnosed with nonorganic neck pain

Previous research has suggested that personality can influence the perception and reporting of physical symptoms, such as pain. To assess the relationship between the course of nonorganic neck pain and the individual’s personality, we studied the association between two indicators of neck pain prognosis, such as the duration of sick leave associated with neck pain and sick leave recurrence, and 15 personality traits in a sample of 64 workers suffering from disabling neck pain without any signs of physical abnormalities in the neck area. The TEA Personality Test (TPT), a selfreport instrument designed to evaluate personality traits related to organizational behaviors, was used. Compared to the normative data, the study sample obtained high scores in the Depression, Anxiety and Emotional Instability scales, thus suggesting a personality profile primarily characterized by high neuroticism-related scores. Controlling for age, gender, and any rehabilitation undergone, we found a positive relationship between Depression and the duration of sick leave (in weeks). Moreover, lower scores on the TPT personality trait Dynamism and activeness were associated with higher likelihood of sick leave recurrence. These findings highlight the need for further research into the role played by personality at the onset and in the maintenance of nonorganic neck pain. Furthermore, they suggest that a complementary psychological approach may be useful to nonorganic neck pain management (AU)

Diversos estudios de investigación sugieren que la personalidad se relaciona con la percepción y quejas de síntomas físicos, tales como el dolor. Con el objetivo de explorar la relación entre la evolución del dolor cervical sin alteración orgánica y la personalidad del individuo, analizamos la asociación entre dos indicadores del pronóstico de dolor cervical, tales como la duración y la recurrencia de la baja laboral, y 15 rasgos de personalidad en una muestra de 64 trabajadores en situación de baja laboral con diagnóstico de dolor cervical sin alteración orgánica. Para la evaluación de los rasgos de personalidad utilizamos el cuestionario de personalidad de TEA, TPT. Este instrumento evalúa específicamente rasgos de personalidad que son relevantes en el contexto laboral. En comparación con los datos normativos referentes a población española proporcionados en el manual del cuestionario, nuestra muestra de estudio obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en Depresión, Ansiedad y Labilidad emocional. Estos datos sugieren un perfil de personalidad en estos trabajadores con tendencia al neuroticismo. Controlando el efecto de la edad, el género y el hecho de haber realizado rehabilitación para el problema de dolor, encontramos una relación positiva entre las puntuaciones en la escala Depresión y la duración de la baja. De otro lado, puntuaciones más bajas en la escala Dinamismo y actividad se relacionó con una mayor probabilidad de recurrencia de la baja laboral. Estos resultados preliminares enfatizan la necesidad de explorar de manera más detallada el rol que juega la personalidad del individuo en la aparición y el mantenimiento del dolor cervical sin alteración orgánica. Así mismo, nuestros datos sugieren que un abordaje psicosocial, complementario al tratamiento médico que reciben estos pacientes, podría resultar útil para el manejo del dolor cervical (AU)

The relationship between psychosocial job stress and burnout in emergency departments: an exploratory study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and predictive power of various psychosocial job stressors for the 3 dimensions of burnout in emergency departments. METHODS: This study was structured as a cross-sectional design, with a questionnaire as the tool. The data were gathered using an anonymous questionnaire in 3 hospitals in Spain. The sample consisted of 191 emergency departments. Burnout was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the job stressors by the Nursing Stress Scale. FINDINGS: The Burnout Model in this study consisted of 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy. The model that predicted the emotional exhaustion dimension was formed by 2 variables: Excessive workload and lack of emotional support. These 2 variables explained 19.4% of variance in emotional exhaustion. Cynicism had 4 predictors that explained 25.8% of variance: Interpersonal conflicts, lack of social support, excessive workload, and type of contract. Finally, variability in reduced professional efficacy was predicted by 3 variables: Interpersonal conflicts, lack of social support, and the type of shift worked, which explained 10.4% of variance. DISCUSSION: From the point of view of nurse leaders, organizational interventions, and the management of human resources, this analysis of the principal causes of burnout is particularly useful to select, prioritize, and implement preventive measures that will improve the quality of care offered to patients and the well-being of personnel.